T his study focuses on onshore natural gas operations and examines the extent to which oil and gas firms have embraced certain organizational characteristics that lead to ‘high reliability’—understood here as strong safety and reliability records over extended periods of operation. The key questions that motivated this study include whether onshore oil and gas firms engaged in exploration and production and midstream (i.e., natural gas transmission and storage) are implementing practices characteristic of high reliability organizations and the extent to which any such practices are being driven by industry innovations and standards and/or regulatory requirements.